Land Acknowledgement

The following Land Acknowledgements were approved by the 云顶官网app Academic Senate, October 26, 2021.

教职员工:以下是两个版本的致谢. 它们可以在教学大纲、校园文件、活动计划等中阅读或放置. Feel free to replace "East Los Angeles College" with your department, program or campus group (e.g.，学术参议院，媒体艺术系，历史圈).

云顶官网app对过去和现在表示感激和尊重Gabrieleño, Tongva, and Kizh people, 这片土地最初的守护者, whose traditional, 我们今天在云顶官网app校园占据的未被征服的家园.

Alternative version

East Los Angeles College honors with gratitude and respect 这片土地最初的守护者 and their descendants, 今天自称Gabrieleño的人, Tongva, or Kizh. We acknowledge the many devastating impacts of repeated waves of settler colonialism wrought upon these people and their ancestors by the Catholic missions, Spain, Mexico, and the United States, 是谁用武力和欺骗占领了他们的家园, 包括我们学院占据的地方.
The rich culture, accomplishments, humanity, 以及Gabrieleño的持续存在, Tongva, 而克孜族经常被忽视, marginalized, 并且因为这些殖民行为而从我们的历史和意识中消失. 作为一个教育机构, we recognize our responsibility to highlight Indigenous histories and advocate for practices, policies, 以及为过去带来正义的行动, 现有的和新兴的土著社区.

Pronunciation guide:

  • Gabrieleño (gab-ree-eh-LAY-nyo)
  • Tongva (TONG-va)
  • Kizh (KEEch)

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These Land Acknowledgements are a step in an ongoing process as our campus works to move forward on issues of equity, humanity, and truthfulness. We hope it will bring a level of recognition to part of the complicated and painful history that our school and its community benefits from. We also hope to call attention to the current and past contributions of people whom our society and education often neglect and try to erase. 我们绝不认为这些声明是这一努力的结束. 相反，我们真诚地希望它们是正在进行的运动的起点. 

土地确认书本质上是有缺陷和不完整的. They rely on English, a colonial language, and European concepts of territory and borders. 更重要的是，他们无法纠正过去的错误. 它们只能引起人们的注意，聚焦于当下和未来的目的. 

无论我们的承认有什么积极的影响，很大程度上都是由你们创造的, 当你考虑你在这个历史和现状中的位置时. 你会选择重新思考你现有的假设，还是帮助别人这样做? 你会关注流离失所者的工作和声音吗? 你会为他们目前的挣扎贡献你的时间和资源吗? Will you share your critical analysis of this process to help East Los Angeles College improve?

    多学习，多参与

    East Los Angeles College, 包括位于蒙特利公园的公司中心, 加州和南门教育中心位于 traditional homelands Gabrieleño, Tongva和/或Kizh人. 历史资料将最接近云顶官网app的村庄遗址命名为 Apachiangna.

    此确认应作为一个提醒，Gabrieleño, Tongva, 和/或克孜人是这片广袤地区的原始守护者 洛杉矶盆地的大部分地区这个地区被一些当代人称为 Tovaangar. 我们感谢Gabrieleño, Tongva, 克孜人是我们工作的土地的原始守护者, live, and learn. 我们也承认，虽然西班牙殖民势力采取了各种行动, 天主教传教体系, the Mexican Government, the United States Federal Government and the state of California have dispossessed Gabrieleño, Tongva, 和他们土地上的基族人, 它们是我们社区和景观中活跃的一部分.

    洛杉矶地区通瓦村的地图，由Sutimiv Pa'alat绘制
    Map of Tongva Village sites created by Sutimiv-Pa'alat, accessed at http://native-land.ca /地图/地区/ tongva-gabrieleno /
     

    Gabrieleño，通瓦和克孜历史

    当地居民在洛杉矶盆地居住了数千年, hunting and gathering wild foods for much of that time and eventually establishing a vibrant network of villages connected through marriage, culture, 交换和共享塔克语. 对于这个群体，没有一个传统的术语是一致的. Historians, ethnographers, 和当代土著居民使用的名字Gabrieleño, Tongva, 或Kizh指的是居住在这个地区的土著人. 我们尊重后代选择自己名字的权利, and so we have chosen to include all of these names and to refer to them collectively as Indigenous and/or Native.

    In the late 18th 世纪，西班牙在上加利福尼亚建立了21个传教会. Native Californians endured horrific forms of exploitation and abuse under the Spanish-Catholic mission system in the form of enslavement disguised as essential labor for the construction and maintenance of the San Gabriel Mission (founded 1771) and the San Fernando Mission (founded 1787). Thousands of Indigenous people died at Mission San Gabriel, many from European diseases. The expansion of the Catholic missions under the protection of the Spanish crown diminished much of the traditional resource base, 为了任务系统的利益，土地变成了牧场. Once baptized, “mission neophytes,” as they were called, were not allowed to leave the missions without permission and were forced to live and work according to a directed program of religious and cultural conversion.  Many Native Californians actively resisted the missions’ attempt to eradicate their respective cultures and customs in a variety of ways. Among these included an armed revolt against Spanish missionaries over the continuous abuse on Native bodies and land theft in 1785 at Mission San Gabriel led by a baptized chief, Nicholas Jose, and Toypurina, 住在附近村庄的未皈依宗教的精神领袖. 该阴谋被教会当局发现并最终被粉碎, 但传教团的新手继续以逃跑的方式进行抵抗, leading rebellions, 或者通过保留对当局隐瞒的传统习俗.

    1821年墨西哥脱离西班牙独立, the newly formed Mexican government initiated the secularization of Spanish missions that further dispossessed Indigenous people of their ancestral lands. 而新的墨西哥政府宣布“印第安人”可以自由迁徙, 被墨西哥政府占领的土地, including the domains of secularized missions were transferred to private citizens as land grants. 在美墨战争(1846-1848)之后 1848年瓜达卢佩伊达尔戈条约 将加州割让给美国. While Article I of the Treaty of Guadalupe assured the protection of all people in the annexed territory, in California, 实际的结果是一系列的州法令被称为 “eighteen lost treaties” that furthered displaced Gabrieleño, Tongva, and Kizh people from their ancestral lands. 一项被提议搁置的条约.5百万英亩土地给加州原住民(1).2 million acres promised to Los Angeles’ Indigenous population) failed to materialize as Californian business interests persuaded the United States Senate to reject and deem the treaties as an “injunction of secrecy.1850年，加州颁布了 政府和保护印第安人法案, which legalized the forcible servitude of California Natives and furthermore facilitated their removal and displacement. During the 19th century, American policies contributed directly to the dramatic reduction of Indigenous populations throughout the state of California, 哪一个估计已经减少到30个,000 from upwards of 150,000.

    In 1994 the state of California recognized the Gabrielino-Tongva people as the aboriginal tribe of the greater Los Angeles basin. Federal recognition would afford local Indigenous nations the right to self-government and federal benefits, but unfortunately, Gabrieleño, Tongva, and Kizh people have yet to be recognized by the United States Federal Government as one of the 574个联邦承认的印第安民族. Today, 大约有2000个Gabrieleño, Tongva, 以及居住在洛杉矶及周边城市的Kizh后裔.

     

    历史资料和进一步阅读

    与当地的组织和运动联系

    Gabrieleño、通瓦族和克孜族社区和组织

    美洲原住民组织和行动小组

    影响美洲原住民的当前问题:

    以原住民为中心的艺术组织

    Gabrieleño/通瓦艺术家和作家

    参观和尊重的地方

    对话和演示